2016 李克强总理答记者问（三）

Full transcript（三）：李克强总理答记者问

西班牙埃菲社记者:在过去两个月左右的时间里，由于朝鲜采取的一系列举动，美国正在加强在韩国的军事部署。同时在南海地区军事紧张态势似乎也在升级。另外，澳大利亚也在和美国磋商，要在这一地区引入战略轰炸机。还有就是不包括中国在内的12个国家签署了TPP。您是否认为美国的重返亚太战略已经给中国造成问题？您觉得在亚太地区还存在其他不稳定因素吗？

Spanish News Agency EFE: Just in the last two months, actions of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea have got the United States to increase its military presence in the Republic of Korea. At the same time, military tensions have increased in the South China Sea. And now Australia is in talks with the US in order to host strategic plane bombers in its territory And in the trade area 12 countries, not including China, have signed the Trans-Pacific Partnership. And my question is putting these together do you think that President Obama's focus in the Asia-Pacific region has already become a problem for China? Or do you see any other sources of instability in the whole Asia-Pacific area?

李克强:你提了一系列的问题，我要一一回答时间不够。概括起来讲，你问的还是关于中国周边的问题。中国始终主张要有一个稳定的周边环境，友好的睦邻关系。维护地区的稳定，实现睦邻友好，关键还是要靠地区国家共同努力。邻里发生纠纷，这也是难以避免的事情，但只要以诚相待，坚持用外交、和平手段来解决，我们完全可以维护地区的稳定。至于域外国家，像美国，可以说从来就没有离开过亚太，我们可以在亚太地区进行合作，管控好分歧。

Li Keqiang: It seems that all your questions are related to China's neighborhood. So let me say that China all along believes in pursuing harmonious coexistence with its neighbors, and we always believe that we need to have a stable neighborhood environment.

It is up to the efforts of regional countries to maintain regional stability and harmony in the neighborhood. It is also natural that some differences may arise between neighbors. But we believe that as long as we all treat each other with sincerity and seek peaceful settlements to differences through diplomatic means, regional stability will be maintained. As for countries from outside the region, like the United States, we think the United States has never left the Asia-Pacific region. And all countries can work together to enhance cooperation and properly handle differences.

China is now pursuing modernization, hence development remains our top priority. China needs a stable neighborhood and a peaceful international environment for its domestic development. And a growing China will remain a staunch force for upholding global peace and it is also in the interests of China's neighbors. China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development and China will not waiver in its resolve to uphold sovereignty and territorial integrity and these two are not in conflict. Well we hope all countries from within this region and without will work together to uphold regional stability, not the opposite. That is in the interests of all.

中国国际广播电台、国际在线网记者:总理你好。我们注意到，两会前最后一次国务院常务会议有一个议题是部署加强文物保护工作。请问总理，中国这么大，要解决的问题这么多，政府的工作又这么忙，这个问题有这么紧迫吗？谢谢。

China Radio International / CRI Online: In the agenda of the State Council's executive meetings ahead of the two sessions, there was a highlighted item about preservation of cultural relics. So my question is, with a country so big, facing so many problems and the government being so busy, is this issue of protecting cultural relics such an important issue?

李克强:谢谢你对国务院常务会议议题的关心。本来你这问题可以由我们的秘书长来回答，不过我本人也是同意来讨论加强文物保护问题的。我想回答你的是，我们保护文物实际上也是在推动文化事业的发展，来滋润道德的力量，传承我们的传统优秀文化，来推动经济和社会协调发展。现在经济领域有不少大家诟病的问题，像坑蒙拐骗、假冒伪劣、诚信缺失，这些也可以从文化方面去找原因、开药方。市场经济是法治经济，也应该是道德经济。发展文化可以培育道德的力量，我们推动现代化，既要创造丰富的物质财富，也要通过文化向人民提供丰富的精神产品，用文明和道德的力量来赢得世界的尊重。谢谢。

Li Keqiang: Thank you for your keen interest in the State Council's executive meetings. The preservation of cultural relics is to boost cultural development in our country, enhance our moral strength and pass over our traditional culture. It will also help us to achieve balanced economic and social development. For the many problems that have occurred in our economic domain, such as cheating, swindling of the market place, selling fake goods, or loss of the good faith. One may also try to find causes behind those problems at the cultural level and make cultural prescriptions. The market economy is an economy on the basis of the rule of law with moral principles. So to develop culture will help us enhance moral strength in the course of pursuing modernization. We should not only work hard to create rich material wealth, but also meet our people's growing cultural needs and win the respect of other countries with the strength of culture and civilization. Thank you.

凤凰卫视记者:总理您好。我的问题是关于香港的。最近一两年我们从香港回到内地的时候被问到最多的一句话就是“香港到底怎么了”。我想这句话也包含很多层的含义。不久前，在大年初一香港旺角发生了骚乱事件，这也凸显了香港社会存在的一些问题。与此同时，香港的经济增速也是放缓的。明年香港就回归20周年了，凤凰卫视从成立到今年也已经20周年，可以说见证了香港回归之后的发展历程。目前在香港社会，大家都在讨论未来香港的出路在哪里。所以请教总理，在您看来，香港的出路到底在哪里？中央政府是否会出台新的措施来支持香港的发展？谢谢。

Phoenix TV: In the past couple of years whenever we come to the mainland, we are often asked what has happened with Hong Kong. There is so much to this one simple question and also the Mong Kok riots that took place on the first day of China's Lunar New Year exposed some problems that exist in Hong Kong's society. Hong Kong's economic growth has also been slowing. Mr. Premier, next year marks the 20th anniversary of Hong Kong's return to the motherland, many people in Hong Kong are asking this question: where will Hong Kong go in the future? What is your answer to that question Mr. Premier and will the central government introduce more policies to support Hong Kong's development?

李克强:要是再有人问你香港怎么了，我建议你回答：香港会保持长期繁荣稳定。中央政府“一国两制”、港人治港、高度自治的方针没有也不会改变。而且我们相信，特区政府有能力、香港民众有智慧处理香港遇到的各种复杂问题和局面。说到发展，这既是香港自身的需要，也是国家的需要。当然，香港的发展要靠自己的努力。去年香港作为发达经济体，经济增长2.4%，这不算低了。香港还可以更多的发挥自身的优势，当然也可以抓住内地发展的机遇，只要是有利于香港长期繁荣稳定，有利于增进香港民众福祉，特区政府提出来的事，中央政府都会全力支持。我对香港的前景看好。谢谢！

Li Keqiang: Next time you get asked about this question, I suggest that you can answer that Hong Kong will maintain long-time stability and prosperity. The policy of the central government of adhering to one country, two systems — the Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong and high degree of autonomy will not change, and this policy has not changed. We believe that the Hong Kong SAR government has the ability and Hong Kong people have the wisdom to properly handle the complex issues in Hong Kong. The development of Hong Kong is needed by Hong Kong itself and also the country as a whole. Hong Kong's development ultimately comes down to the efforts made by the people in Hong Kong. As an advanced economy, Hong Kong achieved a (GDP)growth of 2.4 percent last year, which is not low at all. Hong Kong can further use its own strength and also seize the opportunity offered by mainland development. The central government will give full support to any proposal from the SAR government that helps maintain Hong Kong long-term stability and prosperity and contributes to the well-being of people in Hong Kong. I have a confidence in a bright future of Hong Kong.

财经杂志记者:谢谢主持人。总理你好。我们注意到今年的政府工作报告首先提出了“新经济”这一概念，这是不是指现在新兴的电子商务和小微企业，这和您之前提倡的“大众创业、万众创新”有什么关系？这些对缓解当前经济下行压力有什么作用？谢谢。

Caijing: In this year's Government Work Report, the concept of the new economy was put forward for the first time. I wonder if this concept refers to e-commerce and those micro and small businesses? What does it have to do with the campaign for mass entrepreneurship and innovation? And how helpful could it be for withstanding the downward economic pressure?

李克强:我们说要发展“新经济”是要培育新动能，促进中国经济转型。“新经济”的覆盖面和内涵是很广泛的，它涉及一、二、三产业，不仅仅是指三产中的“互联网+”、物联网、云计算、电子商务等新兴产业和业态，也包括工业制造当中的智能制造、大规模的定制化生产等，还涉及到一产当中像有利于推进适度规模经营的家庭农场、股份合作制，农村一、二、三产融合发展等等。而且，发展“新经济”，小微企业可以大有作为，大企业可以有更大作为。目前很多大企业也在搞创客空间，有许多这样的例子。

传统动能发展到一定阶段出现减弱是规律，很多国家都走过这样的路，尤其是发达国家，有很多先例可寻。这个时候就需要新动能异军突起，来适应产业革命的趋势。而且新动能和传统动能提升改造结合起来，还可以形成混合的动能。

新动能对传统动能的改造提升很有意义。像我们现在要推动去产能，就涉及到重化工企业，很多这样的企业用人过多，需要把富余的员工转岗，而新动能发展起来就可以提供更多的就业岗位，这也使我们可以较大力度去推动去产能。我们现在提倡的“大众创业、万众创新”，实际上是为大、中、小企业、科研机构等提供一个平台，使众创、众包、众扶、众筹等有活跃的空间。

可以这么说，如果把亿万群众的创造力、积极性调动起来，可以形成投鞭断流的气势，再加上背水一战的意志，就可以顶住经济下行的压力，而且促进经济的转型。一个国家的繁荣进步，还是在于亿万民众的参与，这也可以实现人的全面发展。谢谢。

Li Keqiang: To develop the new economy will help us foster new economic drivers and move forward China's economic transformation. The concept of the new economy covers a wide range of areas and has many dimensions. It can be found in the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. It's not just about emerging forms of business and industries such as e-commerce, cloud computing, the Internet of things and Internet. It can also be found in smart manufacturing, large-scale customer-made production in the industrial sector. It's also about the appropriately scaled-up operations in the primary industry, that is agriculture such as family farms and shareholding cooperatives.

We believe that micro and small businesses can do a lot in developing new economy and also large companies can make a big difference. The truth is many large companies in China have established their own makers' spaces. There are many such examples.

When development has come to a certain stage, it is only natural for traditional growth drivers to begin to wane, and that has happened in many developed countries. Hence, we need the boom of new growth drivers to accommodate the need of industrial revolution. And when we combine the new growth drivers and the upgraded traditional growth drivers, we can bring into being a hybrid driving force.

New growth drivers will also help with our efforts to cut industrial overcapacity. In the companies of those sectors with overcapacity, there is a problem of overstaffing, and the growth of new drivers will help generate new jobs tore-employ any possible laid-off people. The campaign of mass entrepreneurship and innovation is to put in place a platform for the development of various types of companies and research institutions, and to create a broad space forcrowd funding, crowd innovation and crowdsourcing.

今日俄罗斯国际通讯社记者:谢谢主持人。李总理，您好。中俄两国曾多次表示，俄中两国经济合作水平跟不上政治发展，双方承诺会努力改善这种局面，不仅致力于推动贸易往来，还将大力发展投资合作。然而我们看到，中国投资者并未大量进入俄罗斯，这是为什么？这是否与西方国家对俄制裁有关或者与俄罗斯经济情况有关？中国企业在与俄合作中是否受到来自美国等国的压力？此外，一些专家认为，中国并不想投资俄罗斯，而仅仅对该国廉价能源感兴趣，您对此有何看法？谢谢。

Russia Today: Both China and Russia have recognized that the business cooperation between the two countries is lacking behind the growth of their political ties, and both sides have promised to change the situation by promoting trade ties and also investment cooperation. However, we have not seen a large inflow of Chinese investment in Russia yet. What is the reason for that? Is it because of the Western sanctions against Russia or Russia's own economic situation? Are Chinese companies under pressure from the United States and other countries in cooperating with Russia. Moreover, some Chinese experts believe that China is not that interested in making investment in Russia, but only interested in getting Russia's cheap energy. What is your response?

李克强:中俄互为最大的邻国，而且是全面战略协作伙伴关系，中俄关系可以说是全方位的。习近平主席和普京总统经常会晤，我们不仅是政治关系好，在经济方面也是有升温趋势的，因为我们在诸多领域都有多项合作。中国始终遵循着相互尊重、互利共赢的原则和俄罗斯发展关系。中国奉行的是独立自主的外交政策。中俄关系不会因为国际形势的变化受到影响，不受第三方的压力。我们还会继续推进中俄关系向前发展。当然，中国奉行不结盟政策，我们之间的合作也不针对第三方。

我说经济方面的合作也在升温，有一个例子，去年我们从俄罗斯的石油进口又增加了800多万吨。但是很不幸，世界大宗商品的价格下跌，我们整个进出口，不仅是对俄罗斯，都是下降的，虽然数量没有减，但是贸易额下来了，这个责任还真不在我们双方。去年年底我和贵国总理梅德韦杰夫先生进行了深入探讨，比如我们可以在油气一体化方面进行合作，这样可以吸引中方对俄投资。我们还可以拓展贸易渠道，实现贸易多元化。我愿意看到明年你再参加这个记者会，我能回答你中俄经贸投资趋势出现了转折性的向好。

我对俄罗斯的朋友要额外加一句，这种向好也是表明世界贸易在向好，我们给世界贸易吹吹暖风。谢谢！

Li Keqiang: China and Russia are each other's biggest neighbors, there is a comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination between the two countries. This relationship is an all-dimensional one. President Xi Jinping and President Vladimir Putin have met with each other quite often, there is a close political relationship between the two countries and our business cooperation has been continuously rising because we have multiple operations in quite many fields. China has all along developed its relationship with Russia on the basis of mutual respect and mutual benefit, and China pursues an independent foreign policy of peace. China-Russia relations will not be affected by changing circumstances in the international environment, and will not cave to third-party pressure. In the meantime, China follows the principle of nonalignment, and China-Russian cooperation will not be targeted at any third party.

Just now I said our business cooperation has also been rising. For example, last year, Chinese imports of oil from Russia increased by eight million tons, but because of plummeting commodity prices on international markets, China's total imports and exports declined, not just its imports from Russia. The physical volume has gone up, by the total trade volume has come down because of the falling prices, and neither country is responsible for that. Last year I had a deep discussion about China-Russia business cooperation with Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, we agreed that we can explore cooperation in the integrated development of oil and natural gas, sectors that will help attract more Chinese investment, and we can also introduce a greater level of diversity into our trade mix. I hope that next year, if you come to this press conference again, I can tell you that the business ties between our two countries have turned the corner for the better.

And I believe the enhancement of our business ties will also reflect the improvement of the global trade situation, and that will be a warm breeze our two countries can bring to global trade.