Teaching Syllabusof Systematic Anatomy

Applied for Undergraduatesof Clinical Medicine

(March, 2016Revised)

Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology

School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fudan University

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Preface

一、Learning Purpose

Human Anatomy is the science dealing withmorphology and structures of normal human body, the main task of this subjectis that students will know the shapes and structures, the arrangements andrelationships, the law of development and basic function of theorgans in human body. Anatomy is one of the foundation subjects in medicalstudy. To service the needs of preclinical medicine and clinical medicine. In the systematic studying, Firstly, make thestudents Master the basic theory, elementary knowledge and basicskill of systematic anatomy, and correctly use anatomical terms, and alsolearn appropriate english anatomical names; For another, it is important tocultivate the students’ ability of self-study and observing and synthesizing,and the ability of analyzing, inducing and solving problems.

二、Guidance Thinkingand Learning Methods

Thisbasic requirements of this outline is basic theory, elementary knowledgeand basic skill of systematic anatomy. The teaching of Human Anatomyshould be guided by the view of evolutionary development, should carry outthe principle of combining theory with practice, shape withfunction, partly with whole.

The teaching of systematic anatomyincludes theory lecture and experiment. theory lecture introduce thecomposition of the systems in human body, and introduce the ground form,constructionfeatures, position relationship of those organs and their function bymultimedia. With experiment guided by the teachers, the students shouldachieve the aim of strengthening Mastery of the elementary knowledge andbasic skill of systematic anatomy by self-study, observation to the anatomicspecimen and model,and the observation and touch to the living bodyof themselves. Meanwhile, students should connect properly withsome discussion of clinical cases to strengthenprehensionand memory of the essential contents of anatomy.

三、LearningRequirement

The contentslisted, according to different standards, may be divided into two grades (masterand understand). The Master contents is intensive contents, students should achieve the degree of combining theorywith practice,practised description, firmly master bylearning and thinking repeatedly; the understand contents is the contentsofrecognition; what do not be requested in outline is contents of reference.

Assignmentof learning hours(reference table）

Introduction

1.Understand thedefinition, developed overview and the branch of Human Anatomy

2.Master basicmethod of learning Human Anatomy.

3.Master descriptiveanatomical terms.

4.Understandconcepts of body type and variation, understand Concepts of deformity.

PART  Ⅰ THELOCOMOTOR SYSTEM

Chapter1  Osteology

Section1  General Description

1.Master the shape,classification and structure of bones.

2.Master thechemical composition and physical properties of bones.

Section2.  The Axial Skeleton

Ⅰ.Bones of trunk

1．Master compositionof the bones of trunk.

2．Master generalfeatures of vertebrae and maincharacteristics of vertebrae in each region.

3．Master shape andparts of sternen .Master clinical significance of sternal angle.

4．Master generalfeatures and classcification of ribs understand morphologicalcharacteristic of 1^st rib and 11^th rib,12^th rib.    

5．Master body surface symbol of the bones oftrunk.

Ⅱ. The Skull

1．Master compositionand parts of skull.

2．Master compositionof cerebral cranium.

3．Master compositionof facial cranium, Master morphology andstructures of mandible.

4．Understandsuperior aspect of skull and posterior aspect of skull and internal surface ofcalvaria.

5．Master the boundand important structure of three fossa in the internal surface of the base ofskull,understand external surface of base of skull.

6．Understand lateralview of skull, Master location and clinical significanceof pterion, understand location of temporal fossa, infratemporalfossa and pterygopalatine fossa.

7．Understand thecomposition, morphous and porousdehiscence of orbits, master the location of supraorbitalnotch and infraorbital foramen.

8．Master thestructure of bony nasal cavity, Master the location of paranasal sinusesand their openings.

9．Understand skullat birth and change after birth.

10. Master important body surface symbol of skull.

Section3  The Appendicular Skeleton

I . Bones of UpperLimb

1．Master thecomposition, parts and arrangement of bones of upper limb.

2．Master morphologyand structures of clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna and radius.

3．Master thecomposition of bones of hand, m aster arrangement of carpal bones.

4．Master bodysurface symbol of bones of upper limb.

Ⅱ. Bones of LowerLimb

1．Master thecomposition, parts and arrangement of bones of lower limb.

2．Master the shapeand structures of hip bone, femur, tibia and fibula.

3．Master thecomposition of bones of foot and arrangement of tarsal bones.

4．Master body surfacesymbol of bones of lower limb.

Chapter2  Arthrology

Section l. GeneralDescription

1．Understand classificationof joints, understand the basic structure of fibrousjoints, cartilaginous joints, synosteosis

2．Master essentialstructures of synovial joints and accessory structures of synovialjoints, understand types of joint movement.

Section2.  Joints of the Bones of The Axial Skeleton

I .Joints of theBones of Trunk

1.Master morphologyand structures of intervertebral discs.

2.Master thelocation and function of anterior longitudinal ligament and posteriorlongitudinal ligament.

3.Understand thejoints of vertebral arch, Master the location and functionof ligamentum flavum, understand the name and location of the other ligaments

4.Master the form,parts and function of vertebral column, understand vertebral columnas a whole and Master its movements and physiological curves.

5.Understandcostovertebral joints, sternocosal joints and interchondral joints.

6.Master the formof thoracic cage, Master the form and shape of superior aperture ofthorax and inferior aperture of thorax.

7.Understand thethoracic cage as a whole and its movements, undsertand the change in age andits sex differences

Ⅱ.Joints of Skull

1.Understand themain structure of joints of skull.

2.Master thecomposition, construction features and movements of temporomandibularJoint.

Section3  Joints of Appenicular Skeleton

I. Joints of UpperLimb

1．Master theform, construction features and movements of sternoclavicular joint ,shoulder joint, elbow joints, radiocarpal joint.

2．Master theform, construction features and movements of carpometacarpaljoints, metacarpophalangeal joints and articulationes interphalangeae.

Ⅱ. Joints of Lower Limb

1．Master the formand parts of pelvis, master the form of inlet and outlet of pelvis, understandthe difference between the male and female pelvis, master the formof greater sciatic foramen and lesser sciatic foramen.

2．Understand theform, construction features and movements of hip joint kneejoint  talocrural joint, ankle joint.

3．Understand theform and movements of cacroiliac joint, intertarsal joints,tarsometatarsal joints, metatarsophalangeal joints and interphalangeal joint.

4．Master the formand function of arch of foot.

Chapter3  Myology

Sectionl  Introduction

1．Morphology andstructures of skeletal muscle, origin, insertion and action of skeleta1 muscleand the nomenclature of muscles.

2．Understand thesupplementary structures of muscles.

Section2.  Muscles of Head

1．Understand thecomposition and distribution of facial muscles.

2．Master thecomposition of masticatory muscles, master the location and functionof masseter and temporalis.

Section3.  Muscles of Neck

1．Understand groupof muscles of neck, understand the composition and function of each group ofmuscles of neck.

2．Master the origin,insertion and function of sternocleidomastoid, master the form of scalenefissure, master the structure which pass through scalene fissure.

Section 4. Musclesof Trunk

Ⅰ. Muscles of Back

1．Understand groupof muscles of back, understand the composition and function of each groupof muscles of back, master the origin, insertion and functionof trapezius and latissimus dorsi.

2．Master thelocation and function of erector spinae, understand the location and layerof thoracolumbar fascia.

Ⅱ.Muscles of Thorax

1．Master thecomposition of muscles of thorax, Master the origin,insertion and function of muscles of pectoralis major.

2.  Master the name, location and function of intercostalmuscle.

Ⅲ.Diaphragm

1．Master thelocation, morphous, function of diaphragm, master the location ofthree openings and main structure which pass through them.

2．Understand thetriangular spaces without muscular tissue andits clinical significance.

Ⅳ..Muscles of Abdomen

1.Master thecomposition of muscles of abdomen, Master the location,layer, muscles fiber direction, structure, function of anterolateral groupof abdominal wall.

2.Master compositionand characteristic of sheath of rectus abdominis.

Section5  Muscles of Upper Limb

1．Master thecomposition of muscles of scapula; master the origin, insertion and functionoftriangular muscle and teres major.

2．Master the groupof muscles of arm, Master the composition and function of each muscles of arm;Master the origin, insertionand function of biceps brachiiand triceps brachii.

3．Master the groupof muscles of forearm, Master the composition and function of each muscles offorearm, Master the location and function of pronatorteres and supinator.

4．Master the groupof muscles of hand, Master the name and function of intermediate group ofmuscles of hand.

Section 6  The Muscles of Lower limb

1．Understand thegroup of muscles of hip, understand the composition and function of eachmuscles of hip, master the origin, insertionand function ofgluteusmaximus and iliopsoas and piriformis.

2．Master the group ofmuscles of thigh, Master the composition and function of each muscles of thigh,Master the origin, insertionand function ofquadricepsand femoris sartorius.

3．Master the groupof muscles of leg, Master the composition and function of each muscles of leg.

4．Master the origin,insertionand function oftibialis anterior, tibialisposterior and triceps surae.

PART Ⅱ SPLANCHNOLOGY

Chapter1  Introduction

1．Understand theconcepts of splanchnology, the composition of spanchnology , common constructionfeatures of splanchnology.

2．Master thereference lines of thorax and abdominal regions.

Chapter2  The Digestive System

1. Master thecomposition and function of the digestive system.

Section1. Oral cavity

1. Understand the boundary and parts of oral    cavity, understand the shape of palate.

2. Master the composition of isthmus of fauces.

3. Master the kinds and arrangement of teeth (dental    formula of permanent teeth, and deciduous teeth) ,the shape and structure    of teeth, the composition of forming substance of teeth    and periodontium.

4. Master the shape of tongue and characteristic    of mucous of tongue .Understand the distribution and function    of muscles of tongue. Master the origin, insertionand    function of genioglossus.

5. Master the position of major salivary    glands and the openings of glandular tube.

Section 2．Pharynx

1.Master thelocation ,parts , morphous and communication of pharynx.

2.Master thelocation of palatine tonsil .Master the composition of throatring.

Section 3．Esophagus

1.Understand thelocation and parts of esophagus.

2.Master thelocation and clinical significance of three narrowed places of esophagus.

Section 4．Stomach

1.Master morphousof the stomach, position and relations of the stomach.

2.Understandstructure of the wall of the stomach.

Section5. Small intestine

1.Master the partsof Small intestine.

2.Master thelocation, parts, construction features of duodenum.Master the locationof suspensory muscle of duodenum.

3.Master thelocation of ileum and jejunum, understand constructionfeatures of ileum and jejunum,understand the location ofMeckel's diverticulum.

Section 6．Large intestine

1.Master partsand construction features of large intestine.

2.Master thelocation of cecum and vermiform appendix, Master the projection of body surface marginsof its base, understand the common location and clinical significanceof vermiform appendix.

3.Masterthe division and location of colon.

4.Master thelocation of rectum, Master shape and structure of rectum andcomposition of anorectal ring.

5.Master theposition of anal canal, master shape and, structure of anal canal.

Section7.The Liver

1．Master thefeatures of liver and the position of porta hepatis.  

2．Master thecomposition of liver pedicel and position relation of thesestructures.

3．Master theposition and relation of the liver, Master projection of inferior andsuperior margins of liver,understand the lobes and segments of liver.

Section 8．Gallbladder andthe biliary ducts

1. Master the composition of external biliary tracts of    the liver.

2. Master the location and division    of gallbladder: Master the projection of body    surface margins of fundus of gallbladder. Master the form    and contents of Calot's triangle.

3. Master the form of external biliary tracts of the    liver, Master the produced position of bile and discharged way.

Section 9.Pancreas

1. Master theposition and division of pancreas .

Chapter3  Respiratory System

Master thecomposition and function of respiratory system.

Section 1 Nose

1．Understand theshape and structure of external nose.

2．Master partsof nasal cavity, master the shape and structure of parts.

3．Master the positionof paranasal sinuses and their openings. Understand constructionfeatures of maxillary sinus.

Section 2．larynx;

1．Master thelocation of larynx.

2．Master name andmain body surface symbol of laryngeal cartilages，understand laryngeal joints and thecomposition of muscles of larynx.

3．Master the formof aperture of larynx. Master the division of laryngeal cavity andmorphous of each division

Section3．Trachea andBronchi

1. Master the location and construction features    of trachea.

2. Master morphological difference between left    principal bronchus and right principal bronchus。

Section4．Lung

1.Master theposition of lungs, external features of lungs, lobes and segments of lungs.Master the composition of the root of lung and arrangement of strutures.

2.Understand theconcepts of bronchi and bronchopulmonary segments.

Section5．Pleura and Pleural Cavity

1.Understand theconcepts of thoracic cavity, pleura and pleural cavity.

2.Master pleuraldivision and the location of pleural recesses.

3.Master theprojection of the inferior margins of lungs and pieurae; Master the projection of the margins ofcupula of pleura.

Section 8. Mediastinum

1. Understand theconcepts and division of mediastinum.

Chapter 4  UrinarySystem

1．Master thecomposition of urinary system.

Section 1．TheKidney

1. Master the position, shape and structure of kidneys, master thecoverings of kidneys.

2. Understand the concepts of renal blood supply and segments

Section2．The Ureters

1. Master the parts of the ureters, master the location of theparts of the ureters,  Master the location of threenarrowedplaces

Section 3． The UrinaryBladder

1. Master the features and location and relations of urinary bladder.

2. Master the location of trigone of bladder and features ofmucous.

Section 4．TheUrethra

Master constructionfeatures of female urethra and their openings .

Chapter5.  Male Genita1 Organs

1.Master thecomposition and function of male genita1 organs.

2.Master the shapeand structure of testis. Master the shape and location of epididymis.

3.Master deferential divisionand location. Understand location of vasoligation, master thecomposition and location of spermatic cord.

4.Understand locationof seminal vesicle, understand thecomposition of ejaculatory duct and their openings.

5.Masterthe morphous and position of prostate, understand their lobes .

6.Understand theposition ofbulbourethral gland and their openings.

7.Understand thecomposition of scrotum, three coverings of testis and spermatic cord andthe continuation of layer of anterior of abdominal wall.

8.Understand thedivision of penis and its dermatic characteristics.

9.Master thedivision of male urethra and its feature, Master its two curves, threedilated, three narrowed.

Chapter6 Female Genital Organs

1.Master thecomposition and function of female Genital organs.

2.Master the shapeand position of ovary, Master its supports, understand its change in age.

3.Master theposition and parts of uterine tube, Master their features, understandthe position of tubal ligation.

4.Master the shapeand position of uterus, Master its supports..

5.Master theposition and parts of vagina; Master therelationship between posterior fornix of vagina and rectouterine pouch andunderstand their clinical significance.

6.Master theposition of greater vestibular gland, understand the compositionof female external genital organs.

Chapter 7. Perineum

1．Understand thenarrow sense of perineum and the wide sense of perineum.

2．Understandthe clinical significance of trigone urogenitale and analtriangle.

Chapter 8  Peritoneum

1.Master theconcepts of peritoneum and peritoneal cavity; understand the functionof peritoneum.

2.Master therelationship between viscera and peritoneum.

3.Master thelocation and division of lesser omentum, Master the location andcomposition of greater omentum.

4.Master thelocation of omental bursa and omental foramen.

5.Understand thename, location and attachment of mesenterium; understand the name andlocation of ligaments of liver,ligaments of spleen and ligaments ofstomach

6.Understandperitoneal recesses and pouches, Master the location and name of peritonealrecesses.

PART Ⅲ  ANGIOLOGY

Chapter 1.Cardiovascular System

Section 1 GeneralDescription

1. Understand vascularanastomosis and its function.

2.Master thecomposition of the cardiovascular system; Master the concepts of generalcirculation and pulmonary circulation.

3.Understand constructionand distribution features of artery, blood capillary and vein.

Section2. Heart

1. Master the position and external features of heart.

2. Master the morphous and structures of chambers    of heart.

3. Understand fibrous skeleton of heart and structure    of the heart walls, Master the morphous and structure of interatrial    septum and interventricular septum; understand the position of septal    defect.

4. Master the composition and location and function of    conduction system of heart.

5. Master the origin, insertion, course, main    branch, distribution of right coronary artery and left coronary    artery.

6. Understand the way of venous return of heart,    Master the location and main branch of coronary sinus; understand    the lymphatic return and innervation of heart.

7. Master the composition of pericardium, master the location    and clinical significance of transverse sinus of pericardium and    oblique sinus of pericardium.

8. Understand theprojection of the margins of heart.

Section3  Arteries

1. Understand the rule of distribution ofarteriesin human body, understand the the rule of distribution ofarteriesin organs.

Ⅰ.Arteries ofPulmonary Circulation

1. Understand the course of pulmonary trunk, right pulmonaryartery and left pulmonary artery, master the location of arterialligament.

Ⅱ.Arteries ofSystematic Circulation.

1.Master thedivision and course of the aorta.

2.Master the origin,insertion of ascending aorta, and its branches.

3.Master the origin,insertion and branches of aortic arch.

4.Master the origin,insertion of right common carotid artery and left common carotidartery .understand its projection of body surface.

5.Master thelocation and function of carotid glomus and carotid sinus.

6.Understand thename of main branch and distribution ofexternal carotidartery;   understand the course of internal carotid artery inneck.

7.Master the origin,insertion of subclavian artery, axillary artery, radial artery, ulnarartery. Understand their projection of body surface and theirdistribution.

8.Master thecomposition of superficial palmar arch and deep palmar arch, understandthe main branch ofsubclavian artery and axillary artery.

9.Master the origin,insertion of thoracic aorta,understandits branch and distribution.

10.Master the origin,insertion of abdominal aorta, understand its branch and distribution.

11.Masterthe branches and distribution of celiac trunks, superior andinferior mesenteric artery, understanddistribution of ovarian artery,renal artery, testicular artery.

12.Master theorigin,insertion of common iliac artery,understand branch anddistribution of uterine artery.

13.Master the origin,insertion of external iliac artery, femoral artery, anterior tibialartery, posterior tibial artery, dorsal artery of foot,understand distribution of artery.

14.Understand thecomposition of plantar artery arch.

15.Understand theimpulse point of artery of head, neck, extremity (facial artery, superficial temporal artery, commoncarotid artery, right subclavian artery, femoral artery, dorsal artery offoot), understand thecommon pressure point.

Section 4  Vein

Ⅰ.Generaldescription

1. Understand structure and characteristic ofveins,understand factors of venous return and a kinds of specialveins (sinuses of dura mater, diploic veins, emissary veins)

Ⅱ. Pulmonary veins

1. Understand the course of right pulmonary    vein and left pulmonary vein.

Ⅲ. Systemic veins

1.Master thecomposition, origin, insertion, and collecting of superior vena cava and itstributaries

2.Master thecomposition of brachiocephalic vein, Master the form of the venous angle.

3.Master the origin,insertion, main tributaries (facial vein；retromandibular vein) of internal jugularvein.Master the position of external jugular vein.

4.Master the origin,insertion of cephalic vein and basilic vein, master the positionof median cubital vein.

5.Master the origin,insertion, and collecting of azygos vein, understand the origin,insertion, and collecting ofhemiazygos vein and accessory hemiazygosvein.

6.Understand thelocation and communication of vertebral venous plexus.

7.Master thecomposition, main tributaries and collecting of inferior vena cava and itstributaries.

8.Master the courseof renal veins, testicular vein and ovary veins.

9.Master the origin,insertion, course, and which ends in of small saphenous vein and greatsaphenous vein

10.Master the composition, branch,tributaries of hepatic portal vein, Master the anastomoses betweenthehepatic portal vein system and the vena caval system.

Chapter 2Lymphatic system

1．Master thecomposition of lymphatic system, understand the structure, the generalpattern of and lymphatic return of lymphatic system.

2．Master the form,collecting, name, drainage of lymphatic trunks.

3．Master thesynthesis of right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct, master the place wherelymph deliver to and their drainage area.

4．Understand thegeneral pattern of lymph node of neck, master the location and drainage ofsubmandibular lymph nodes, superficial and deep lateral cervical lymphnodes.

5．Understand thegeneral pattern of Lymph node of upper extremity. .Master the group ofaxillary lymph nodes .Master the location and drainage of each group.

6．Understand thegeneral pattern of lymph node of thorax, Master the location and drainageof bronchopulmonary lymph nodes and paratracheal lymph nodes.

7．Understand thegeneral pattern of abdominal lymph nodes, Master the location and drainageof lumbar lymph nodes, inferior and superior mesenteric lymph nodes andceliac lymph nodes.

8．Understand thegeneral pattern of lymph nodes of pelvis, Master the location and drainageof external iliac lymph nodes, common iliac lymph nodes and internal iliaclymph nodes.

9．Understand thegeneral pattern of lymph node of lower extremity, Master the location anddrainage of superficial inguinal lymph nodes.

10．Understandlymphatic drainage of body of organs .

11．Master the shapeand position of spleen.

12．Master the shapeand position of thymus.

PART ⅣSENSORY ORGANS

Introduction

1. Understand the concepts and classification of sensoryorgans.

Chapter 1. Visual Organ

1．Master thecomposition and function of visual organ.

2．Understand shapeof eyeball, Master the shape, structure, division and function of wall ofeyeball.

3．Master thecomposition of contents of the eyeball, Master the location of chamber of eyeand the place where produce aqueous humor and circulation of aqueoushumor.

4．Master shape andposition of lens vitreous body.

5．Understand thecomposition and function of accessory organs of eye. Understand the shapeand structure of eyelids, Master the shape and parts ofconjunctiva.

6．Understand thecomposition of lacrimal apparatus. Master the location of lacrimalgland, and Master the composition of lacrimal passages and their openings.

7．Master the nameand function of ocular muscles.

8．Understand adiposebody of orbit and fasciae of orbit.

9．Understand theorigin, insertion, main branch, distribution of ophthalmic artery,understand venous return of eye.

Chapter 2. Vestibulocochlear Organ

1．Understand thecomposition and function of vestibulocochlear organ.

2．Understand thecomposition of external ear, Master the location, orphous, division ofexternal acoustic meatus and Master characteristic of infant externalacoustic, meatus.

3．Master the shape,location and division of tympanic membrane.

4．Master thecomposition of middle ear, the location of tympanic cavity andmorphous of six walls of the tympanic cavity and understand communication oftympanic cavity.

5．Master theposition, parts, openings, and function of auditory tube, andthe characteristic ofauditory tube in childhood.

6.Master thelocation of mastoid antrum and mastoid cells.

7.Master theposition and parts of internal ear, Master the parts of bony labyrinth andmorphous of each part, Master the position relation of bony labyrinth andmembranous labyrinth.

8.Understandthe form and function of membranous labyrinth..

9.Master theposition and function of the receptor for auditory sensation and sensationof position.

10. Understandroutes of conduction of the sound waves.

PART Ⅴ. Endocrine System

1.Understand thecomposition, construction features and function of endocrine system.

2.Master the shape and location of hypophysis, thyroidglands, parathyroid

gland,adrenal gland andpinealbody.

PART Ⅵ. Nervous System

Chapter1. introduction

1.Understandthe function of nervous system in human body, Master the division ofnervous system, understand the structure and classification of neurons.

2.Understand thebasic functional unit of nervous system, master the basic componentsof reflex arc.

3.Master theterminology of nervous system.

Chapter 2. Central Nervous System

Section 1. Spinal Cord

1.Master thelocation, feature, segments of spinal cord and anatomic relationship ofspinal cord with vertebral body.

2.Master thedistribution and name of white matter and gray matter in transversesection of cervical segment.

3.Master theposition and function of columns of gray and central canal. Understand Rexed'slaminae.

4.Master theposition and function of ascending tracts (fasciculus gracilis、fasciculus cuneatus、spino-thalamic tract) and descending tracts (corticospinal tract), understand  the position and function ofother ascending tracts, descending tracts and fasciculus proprius.

5.Understand the functionof spinal cord, understand clinical manifestation when spinalcord is injured .

Section2. Brain

Ⅰ.Brain Stem

1．Master theposition and surface shape of brain stem (including rhomboid fossa)

2．Master thelocation and connection of fourth ventricle.

3．Master theclassification of the nuclei of cranial nerves in the brain stem, Master thename and location of the nuclei of cranial nerves in the brain stem, and Mastertheir connection with cranial nerves

4．Master thelocation of gracile nucleus, cuneate nucleus, pontinenucleus, red nucleus, substantia nigra,pretectal area, graymatter layers of superior colliculus, nucleus of inferior colliculus;understand the position of non-nuclei of cranial nerves

5．Master thelocation and function of pyramidal tract, medial lemniscus,spinallemniscus, lemniscus trigeminalis, and lateral lemniscus in brainstem.

6．Understand themain structures in the sections through decussation ofpyramid, decussation of medial lemniscus, the middle of olive, theinferior of pons, the middle of pons, the inferior colliculi ofmidbrain, the superior colliculi of midbrain.

7．Understand thelocation and function of reticular formation of brain stem.Understand clinical manifestation when brain stem is injured.

Ⅱ.Cerebellum

1. Master thelocation, shape, lobes, and functions of Cerebellum.

2. Understand thename and position of cerebellar nuclei.

3. Undestandfibers connection and function of Cerebellum.

Ⅲ.Diencephalon

1．Master thelocation and portion of diencephalons, and master the composition andlocation of each portion.

2．Master theposition and communication of third ventricle.

3．Understand thedivision of nuclei of dorsal thalamus. Master the name, fiber connection,and function of specific thalamus nuclei (including metathalamus).

4.Understand hypothalamus nuclei and its relation withhypophysis.

Ⅳ.Telencephalon

1．Master the sulcior fissures, lobes, and gyri of cerebral hemisphere.

2. Master the position of primary somesthetic area,    primary somatomotor area, acoustic area and visual area,and its functional    localization.

3. Master the composition and position of basal    nuclei.

4. Master the shape and parts of lateral    ventricle and Master their location.

5. Understand the classification of fibers of cerebral    hemisphere.

6. Master the location and parts of internal    capsule, Master the fiber bundle which passes through every    portion, understand the clinical symptoms when internal capsule is    injured.

7. Understand the composition and function    of rhinencephalon and limbic system.

Chapter 3.Nervous Pathways

Ⅰ.Sensory(Ascending) Pathways

1.Master thecomposition of conscious deep sensory pathway of trunk and limbs.

2.Understandunconscious deep sensory pathway of trunk and limbs.

3.Masterthe superficial sensory pathways, master the situs of all ordersof pericaryon, master the location of fiber bundle in central nervoussystem and the position of projection upon cerebral cortex.

4.Master thecomposition of visual pathway and pupillary reflexes, Masterthe situs of all orders of pericaryon, and Master the fiberintersection in optic chiasma and its situs in internal capsule and theposition of projection upon cerebral cortex.

5.Understand changein visual field when visual pathway is injured in differentsitus, Master pupillary reflexes, understand the changein pupillary reflexes when it is injured in different situs.

6.Understand thecomposition of auditory pathway.

Ⅱ.Motor(Descending) Pathways

1.Master thelocation of upper motor neuron  and lower moto neurons.

2.Master thelocation of corticospinal tract in central nervous system, Master thelocation of fibers decussating and its connection with lower motor neurons.

3.Master the locationof corticonuclear tract in central nervous system and controlmovement nuclei of cranial nerves.

4.Understandthe clinical manifestation when lower motor neurons and upper motor neuronis injured

5.Master theconcepts of extracorticospinal tract.understand principal pathwaysin extracorticospinal tract.

Chapter4. Meninges and Blood Vessels of Brain and Spinal Cord, and theCerebrospinal Fluid

Ⅰ.The Meninges of Brain and Spinal Cord

1.Master morphologiccharacteristics of the spinal dura mater, Master the location andcontents of epidural space.

2.Understand morphologiccharacteristics of spinal arachnoid mater, spinal pia mater, Master thelocation and contents of subarachnoid space, and the locationof terminal cistern.

3.Master morphologiccharacteristics of cerebral dura mater.Master the place ofstructures formed by cerebral dura mater (cerebral falx, tentorium ofcerebellum, diaphragma sellae), and the name andlocation of sinuses of dura mater.

4.Master theposition and communication of cavernous sinus, and Master thestructures passing through thecavernous sinus.

5.Understand constructionfeature of cerebral arachnoid mater and spinal pia mater, Master the locationof cerebellomedullary cistern; understand the location ofother subarachnoid cisterns

6.Understand thecommunication of the sinuses of dura mater with the extracranial veins.

Ⅱ.The Blood Vessels of Brain and Spinal Cord

1.Masterthe source of arteries of brain, the course and main branchof internal carotid artery andvertebral artery, and theorigin of the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, posteriorcerebral artery and their distribution.

2.Master theposition and form of cerebral arterial circle.

3.Understandsuperficial cerebral veins return and deep cerebral veins.

4.Understand thearteries and veins of the spinal cord.

Ⅲ.The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Master the placewhich produce cerebrospinal fluid and circulation of the cerebrospinalfluid .

Chapter 5. ThePeripheral Nervous System

Section 1. TheSpinal Nerves

1.Masterthe formation, classification, distribution and fibrous components ofspinal nerves

2.Master theposition and formation of cervical plexus, understand the name,distribution, position of cervical plexus cutaneous branch; Master theformation and course in neck of phrenic nerve.

3.Master theposition, formation, branches of brachial plexus.

4.Master the distributionof musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, radialnerve, axillary nerve,understand their course and clinical symptoms whenthey are injured; understand the distribution of long thoracic nerve andthoracodorsal nerve.

5.Master thedistribution of anterior rami of thoracic nerve and the distributionfeature of its cutaneous branches.

6.Master theformation, branch, distribution and position of lumbar plexus, master thecourse, branches, distribution of femoral nerve and obturator nerve

7.Master theformation, branch and position of sacral plexus, master the course, branch,and distribution ofsciatic nerve. understand the course of common peronealnerve，superficial anddeep peroneal nerves and tibial nerve; Master the distributionof deep and superficial peroneal nerves and tibialnerve; understand clinical symptoms when they are injured

Section2. Cranial Nerves

1．Master thename, order, portion connecting with brain, passage through the skull.

2．Understandthe functional typeand distribution of olfactory nerve.

3．Master the functionaltype,course and coverings of optic nerve

4．Master the typesof fibers, course and distribution of oculomotornerve, understand the location and types ofcillary ganglion.

5．Master distribution oftrochlear nerve.

6．Master the typesof fibers, branch and distribution of trigeminal nerve,Master the position and function of trigeminalganglion.

7．Master thedistribution of abducent nerve.

8．Master the typesof fibers, branches and distribution of facial nerve. andunderstand the location and function ofsubmandibular ganglion andpterygopalatine ganglion.

9．Masterthe functional type of vestibulocochlear nerve.

10 Master the types offibers, branches and distribution of glossopharyngeal nerve,understand the location and function of otic ganglion.

11．Master the typesof fibers, branches, course and distribution of vagus nerve.

12．Master thedistribution ofaccessory nerve and hypoglossal nerve.

Section 3.Visceral Nerve

1.Master theclassification and distribution of visceral nerve.

2.Master thedifference between visceral efferent nerve and somatic motor nerve.

3.Master theconcepts of preganglionic neuron, preganglionic fibers, postganglionic neuronand postganglionic fiber.

4.Master the lowercenters ofsympathetic nerve, the composition and locationof sympathetic trunk, and the location of prevertebral ganglia.

5.Master theconcepts of grey communicating branch and white communicating branch,Master the course of preganglionic fiber and postganglionic fiber.

6.Understand distribution ofsympathetic nerve.

7.Cervical part: understand the location of superior cervicalganglion, middle cervical ganglion, inferior cervical ganglion andtheir distribution ofpostganglionic fiber.

8.Thoracic part：Master the origin, fiber connection anddistribution of greater splanchnic nerve and lesser splanchnic nerve.

9.Lumbar part：Master the origin, fiber connection oflumbar splanchnic nerves. understand distribution of postganglionicfiber.

10.Pelvis: understand distribution of postganglionicfiber.

11.Parasympatheticnerve: Master the lower centers of parasympatheticnerve.

12.Master the originof parasympathetic preganglionic fibers of oculomotor nerve,and the place where parasympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse withand their distribution of postganglionic fiber.

13.Master the originof parasympathetic preganglionic fibers offacial nerve andglossopharyngeal nerve, master the place where synapse with and theirdistribution of postganglionic fibers.

14.Master the originof parasympathetic preganglionic fibers ofvagus nerve andits distribution of postganglionic fibers.

15.Understand thedistribution ofpelvic splanchnic nerves.

16.Master thedifferences between adrenergic nerve and parasympathetic. Understandthe double innervated concepts of nervus visceralis.

17.Understand theposition and distribution of splanchnic plexus.

18.Understand characteristicand afferent pathway of visceral afferent nerves, understand the conceptsof referred pain.

                                                   (the end)