Chapter 1 Introduction
To have a good grasp on:
1. Principles and classification of tissue
2. Importance of histology
3. Application of H&E-method in study of histology
4. Principles of immunocytochemistry and its application
5. Features of electron microscope and its application
To familiarize with:
1. Importance of histochemistry
2. Principles of in situ hybridization and its application
3. Tissue culture and its application
Chapter 2 Epithelial Tissue
To have a good grasp on:
1. Common features of epithelial tissue
2. Structure and function of various types of epithelia
3. Structural and functional significance of endothelium and mesothelium
4. Structure and function of microvilli and cilia
5. Structure and function of tight junction, intermediate junction, desmosome and gap junction
6. Structural and functional significance of basement membrane
To familiarize with:
1. Principles of classification and distribution of epithelia
2. Concept of glandular epithelia and glands
3. General structure and classification of exocrine glands
To have an overview on:
1. Ultrastructural features and function of plasma membrane infoldings and hemidesmosome
2. Renewal and regeneration of epithelial tissue
Chapter 3 Connective Tissue Proper
To have a good grasp on:
1. Structure and function of various components of loose connective tissue
2. Structure and distributing of dense connective tissue
3. Structure and characteristics of two types of adipose tissue
4. Main components of ECM and function
To familiarize with:
1. Classification of connective tissue
2. Structure and distributing of reticular tissue
To have an overview on:
1. Differentiation of mesenchyme
2. Formation of collagenous fibres; types of collagen; characteristics of mucous connective tissue
Chapter 4 Cartilage and Bone
To have a good grasp on:
1. Structure and characteristics of three types of cartilage
2. General process of osteogenesis
3. Structure and function of osteoblast, osteocyte and osteoclast
4. Composition of bone matrix
5. Structure of long bone
6. Major processes of development, growth and remodeling of long bone
To familiarize with:
1. Growth of cartilage
2. Structure of flat bone
3. Factors affecting growth of bone
To have an overview on:
1. Chondrogenesis
2. Regeneration and repair of bone
Chapter 5 Blood
To have a good grasp on:
1. Origin and migration of hematopoietic stem cells
2. Biological features and significance of hematopoietic stem cells
3. Morphology, normal range and function of erythrocytes
4. Morphology and significance of reticulocytes
5. Morphology, normal range and function of various types of leukocytes
6. Morphology, normal range and function of thrombocytes
To familiarize with:
1. Structure and function of bone marrow and hematopoiesis
2. Morphology and distribution of hematopoietic stem cells
3. Overview of the development of different types of blood cells
To have an overview on:
1. Discovery of hematopoietic stem cells
2. Regulation of hematopoietic stem cells
3. Developmental dynamics of blood cells
Chapter 6 Muscle Tissue
To have a good grasp on:
1. Structure, including fine structure of skeletal muscle fibres
2. Distribution and molecular structure of thin (actin) and thick (myosin) filaments
3. Structure, including fine structure of cardiac muscle fibres
4. Structure of smooth muscle cells
To familiarize with:
1. Mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscle cells
2. Organization of skeletal muscle
3. Motor unit
4. Concept of slow and fast muscles
To have an overview on:
1. Regeneration of the three types of muscle tissue
2. Ultrastructure and contraction mechanism of smooth muscle cells
Chapter 7 Nerve Tissue
To have a good grasp on:
1. Structure of neuronal cell body and neurites
2. Composition and function of synapse
3. Ultra-structure of the chemical synapse
4. Morphology and function of neuroglia cells
5. Neuroglia cells of the central nervous system
6. Structure of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
7. Structure and functional significance of the myelin sheath
8. Structural features, distribution and functions of several types of nerve endings
To familiarize with:
1. Classification of neurons
2. Conduction of nerve fibers
3. Structural organization of nerves
4. Ultrastructure of motor end plate
To have an overview on
1. Degeneration and regeneration of nerve fibers
Chapter 8 Circulatory System
To have a good grasp on:
1. Structural plan of vascular wall
2. Structural and functional differences between large, midium-sized and small arteries
3. Classification and basic structure of capillaries
4. Structural characteristics of vein
5. Structural organization of heart
6. Constituent and function of cardiac conduction system
To familiarize with:
1. Vasa vasorums and nerve fibers of vascular wall
2. Changes of arteries with aging
3. Constituent of microcirculation
To have an overview on:
1. Arterial sensory structures
2. Development of the lymphatic system
3. Structural characteristics and function of lymphatic capillary, lymphatic vessel and lymphatic duct.
Chapter 9 Immune System
To have a good grasp on:
1. Components and function of immune system
2. Distribution and function of lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells
3. Structure of diffuse lymphoid tissue and lymphoid nodule
4. Structure and function of the thymus
5. Structure of blood-thymus barrier and its significance
6. Structure and function of lymph nodes
7. Recirculation of immune cells and their significance
8. Structure and function of the spleen
To familiarize with:
1. Concept on central and peripheral lymphoid organs
2. Function of different types of thymic epithelial cells
3. Concept of mononuclear phagocytic system and its function
4. Structure and function of tonsils
To have an overview on:
1. Development and maturation of lymphocytes
Chapter 10 Endocrine System
To have a good grasp on:
1. Common characteristics of endocrine glands
2. Major divisions of pituitary gland
3. Structure and function of pars distalis
4. The hypothalamohypophyseal portal system and its relation to function of adenohypophysis
5. Relationship between hypothalamus and neurohypophysis
6. Structure of thyroid follicular epithelial cells and their function
7. Structure and function of parafollicular cells
8. Structure and function of parathyroid glands
9. Structure and function of adrenal glands
To familiarize with:
1. Structure and function of pineal gland
2. Blood supply of the adrenal glands and its relationship with cortex and medulla
3. Diffuse neuroendocrine system
To have an overview on:
1. Function of different hormones secreted by these endocrine glands
Chapter 11 Skin (and its Appendages)
To have a good grasp on:
1. Structure of epidermis and differentiation of keratinocytes
2. Functions of melanocyte and Langerhans cells
3. Structure and function of dermis; hair; sebaceous gland; sweat gland
4. Concept of skin pigmentation
To familiarize with:
1. Structure of nail
2. Blood vessels and nerves in the skin
To have an overview on:
1. Merkel cells and their function
2. Aging and regeneration of the skin
Chapter 12 Eye & Ear
To have a good grasp on:
1. Structure and function of retina
2. Major types of visual pigments and function
3. Structural features and function of cornea and lens
4. Structure and function of ciliary body
5. Formation and circulation of aqueous humor
6. Relationship and subsection of osseous and membranous labyrinth
7. Structure and function of maculae staticae and crista ampullaris
8. Structure of cochlea and cochlear duct
9. Structure and function of the spiral organ
To familiarize with:
1. Structure of conjunctiva, eyelid, and the middle ear
To have an overview on:
1. Lacrimal gland
2. Structure of the external ear
Chapter 13 Digestive Tract
To have a good grasp on:
1. Classification, structure and distribution of tongue papillae
2. Structure of taste buds
3. Structural features of serous acini, mucous acini and mixed acini
4. Structural characteristics of three types of salivary glands
5. General structure of digestive tract
6. Structural features of mucosa of esophagus, stomach, intestine and large intestine
7. Structure of fundic gland
8. Structure and function of chief cells and parietal cells
9. Structure and function of intestinal epithelium and intestinal glands
To familiarize with:
1. Structural features and functions of gut-associated lymphoid tissue
To have an overview on:
1. Structural characteristics and functional significance of gastrointestinal endocrine cells
Chapter 14 Digestive Gland
To have a good grasp on:
1. Structural characteristics and function of pancreas
2. Distribution and functions of A, B and D cells of islets of Langerhans
3. Structure and function of hepatic lobules and portal areas
4. Structural characteristics and function of hepatocyte
5. Structure and function of liver sinusoid
6. Perisinusoidal space and its functional significance
7. Bile canaliculi and biliary system
To familiarize with:
1. Pancreatic duct and other endocrine cells of islets
2. Structural characteristics and function of the gall bladder
To have an overview on:
1. Hepatic dendritic cell, lymph and nerves of liver
2. Concept of the portal lobule and liver acini
3. Liver regeneration
Chapter 15 Respiratory System
To have a good grasp on:
1. Structure and function of nasal mucosa including the olfactory mucosa
2. Structure and function of trachea and bronchial tree, conducting portion, and respiratory portion in lungs
3. Structure and function of type I and type II pneumocytes
4. Function of pulmonary surfactant
5. Structure and function of alveolar septum and air-blood barrier
To familiarize with:
1. Structure of the throat
2. Pulmonary vessels
To have an overview on:
1. Distribution and functions of brush cells, Clara cells, and neuroendocrine cells in respiratory epithelium
2. Lymphatic vessels and nerves in lungs; changes with aging in lungs.
Chapter 16 Urinary System
To have a good grasp on:
1. Structure and function of nephron and uriniferous tubule
2. Structure and function of filtration barrier
3. Podocyte and mesangial cells
4. Structure and function of renal tubules
5. Structure and function of Juxtaglomerular complex
To familiarize with:
1. Blood circulation of kidney
2. Structure of ureter and bladder
Chapter 17 Male Reproductive System
To have a good grasp on:
1. Structure and function of seminiferous tubules
2. Structure and function of Sertoli cells
3. Spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis
4. Structure and function of Leydig cells
5. Structure and function of efferent ducts and epididymal ducts
6. Structure and function of prostatic gland
To familiarize with:
1. Structure and function of tubule rectus and rete testis
2. Endocrine modulation of testis
3. Structure and function of ductus deferens.
To have an overview on:
1. Structure of seminal vesicle and bulbourethral gland
2. Structure of penis
Chapter 18 Female Reproductive System
To have a good grasp on:
1. Structure of ovary
2. Development and maturation of ovarian follicles
3. Ovulation
4. Structure and function of corpus luteum
5. Structure and function of oviduct and uterus
6. Changes of endometrium during menstrual cycle
7. Endocrine regulation of ovary and uterus
8. Structure of cervix and vagina
9. Structure of active and inactive mammary glands
To familiarize with:
1. Structure of atretic follicle and cervicis
