Refraction

Objectives:

1. master the symptoms, examination and treatment of myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia and astigmatism. Master the prevention of juvenile myopia

2. know the fundus’ change and common complications of high myopia, the relationship between accommodation and presbyopia, know the subjective refraction and prescription, know the accommodative myopia

3. learn the anisometropia, contact lenses, causes and treatment of amblyopia

Content:

1. Refractive system, emmetropia, accommodation and vergence, refractive error

2. Hyperopia: causes, classification, relationship with accommodation, clinical manifestations and treatment

3. Myopia: causes, classification, relationship with accommodation, clinical manifestations and treatment

4. Accommodative myopia: causes, clinical manifestations and treatment

5. Astigmatism : causes, clinical manifestations and treatment

6. Anisometropia: diagnosis and treatment

7. Presbyopia: causes, clinical manifestations and treatment

8. Contact lens: indications